Method of treating carbonaceous material



Feb. 4, 1936. H.'DERBY El AL METHOD OF" TREATING CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL Filed Oct. 6, 1952 8 Sheets-Sheet l ZSnuentorsl 45211010 1?. Jjrzre 1* 2 Ira lfiery Y) W 2y ttornegs.

Feb. 4, 1936. 1. H. DERBY ET AL METHOD OF TREATING CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL Fiied Oct. 6, 1952 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 3nventors Feb. 4, 1936; H. DERBY ET AL 2,029,762 T METHOD 01'1 TREATING CABBONACEOUS MATERIAL 7 Filed Oct. 6'. 1952 a Sheets-Sheet 4 2 i J (Ittornegs Feb. 4, 1936.

I. H. DERBY El AL METHOD OF TREATING CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL Filed on. e, 1932 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 attornegs Feb. 4, 1936. I. H. DERBY ET AL METHOD-OF TREATING CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed Oct. 6, 1952 a w ml 5H Zinnmtors. ZZaroZa 1?. En'nex' Feb. 4, 1936. 4 DERBY ET AL 2,029,762

METHOD OF TREATING CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL Filed Oct. 6, 1952 a Sheets-Sheets Zinnentorg.

.Hcrruid RErner if? E flcry (Ittornegs such temperatures and conditions as will yield Patented Feb. 4, 1936 PATENT OFFICE IMETHOD 0F TREATING OABBONACIOUS MATE Ira H. Derby and Harold B. Homer, Indianapolis, 11:11: alsignors to Peter C. Reilly, Infi l-MPO Application October 8, 1932, Serial No. 836,812

This invention relates to an improved method of. performing charges of carbonaceous material and apparatus for heating such charges under the greatest amount of valuable materials or substances such as condensates, a considerable carbon residue, and certain gases;--and this lmder maximum thermal emciency and minimum operating costs.

By carbonaceous materials we refer to such substances as coal, lignite, wood, oil shale, coal tar pitch. petroleum coke, pitch coke, and any other material that whenheated yields certain of the substances or bodies Just above mentioned.

By condensate we mean all the condensible volatile matter resulting from the distillation of the above named materials.

By gas we mean such substances as do not liquefy under normal conditions.

Following the history of the coal carbonizing art from the early beehive oven down to the pres- .by 12.. high by 20 in.

size of the equipment.

ent highly eiiicient verticals and by-product ovens, the trend has been towards greater heating surface per unit of charge. At present the by-product ovens with a charge capacity of 15 tons have extended their walls to approximately 38 ft. long between walls. The beehive oven with equal capacity was approximately 12 ft. in diameter .by approximately 10 ft. to the crown. Thus the increased heating'surface has been obtained at the expense of an increase in the More recently designers have been attempting to obtain large heating surfaces in smaller units by the use of rotaries, internal heating, etc. The one great objection to internal heating is the uncertainty of uniformly heating the entire mass of the charge. This nonuniformity is caused by the common law of flow through the paths of least.

resistance, thus causing the more porous parts of Y the charge to become overheated while the less porous portions of the charge are practically untreated. This is especially true in coking a mass of coal. In the gas producer design the porosity of the coking mass of coal is obtained by mechanical pokers, moving grates, etc. In the coal carbonizing retort where coke is one of the products this mechanical movement would be unsatisfactory due to the amount of breeze produced.

The underlying feature of our process is to obtain uniform heating of the mass throughout and without disturbance of the charge. This is accomplished by forming within the mass predeiermined channels produced by material which is inert at the temperature employed through which the line xxx-x11 bring.

and a uniform distribution of the same throughout the mass. This arrangement enables one to use a relatively small retort and to carry out the process continuously, intermittently, or in batch operations.

In Letters Patent No. 1,948,515, we have set forth various means of forming such charges as above specified, and have shown at least two forms of still for batch operations.

Another and preferred form of apparatus whereby the method may be effected, and more particularly as a continuous operation, is depicted in the annexed drawings wherein:

Fi 1 is a horizontal sectional plan taken on the line I--I of Fig. 3

Fi 1!, adetail view of certain of the driving mechanisms employed to move or actuate the scraper head:

Fig. 2, a vertical transverse sectional view taken on the line 1I1I of Fig. 3 showing the companion retorts and associated combustion chambers, together with other portions of the apparatus;

Fig. 3, a vertical sectional view taken on the line III-III of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4, a vertical sectional view taken on the line IV-IV of Fig. 5;

.Fig. 5, a similar view taken on the line V-V ofFig. 4; l Fig. 6, a vertical sectional view taken on the line VI-VI of Fig. 5 and showing, more particularly, the conveyor mechanism employed to discharge the treated material:

Fig. 7, a top plan view of one of the carriages employed to position a charge within the retort;

Fig. 8, a vertical sectional view similar to Fig. 3 but showing the parts on an enlarged scale and the empty car, from which the charge has been removed, withdrawn from beneath the retort;

Fig. 9, a perspective view of the charge-supporting bars which are utilized in .conjunction with the grate-like bottom for the cars employed to introduce the charges into the apparatus;

Fig. 10, a perspective view of such grate-like bottom;

Fig. 11, an end elevation of several of the grate bars with the intermediate supporting bars shown in position with reference thereto, the supporting bars being in cross section;

Fig. 12, a horizontal sectional view taken on 11 illustrating the formation of the forward ends of the grate bars and the manner in which they are shaped Fig. 13, a perspective view showing several of the grate bars and the finger or supporting bars;

Fig. 14, a transverse vertical sectional view taken on the line XIVXIV of Fig. 6;

Fig. 15, a perspective view of the shearing or removing head employed to remove the treated material from the upper surface of the charge;

and

Fig. 16,'a perspective view of one of the shearing teeth or blades of the scraper or cutter.

The means for forming the predetermined channels within the mass forms the subject matter of our copending application for patent filed October 6, 1932, Serial Number 636,611, to which reference ismade. This method will be hereinafter referred to in order that the present invention may be clearly understood.

In the construction illustrated a dual arrangement of retorts is shown;this for the purpose of economy and speed in operation. It will be evident, however, that but a single retort may be employed in effecting the method or a number greater than two may be utilized. Inasmuch as both retorts and the associated parts are alike in construction and operation a description of one will.be given and the same reference numerals with theexponent a applied to the corresponding parts of the other unit.

In the drawings I represents a retort, prefer ably rectangular in cross section, said retort at its upper end opening into an elongated extension 2 which (see more particularly Fig. 2) is common to both of the retorts l and I.

Located directly above the retort is a combus tio'n chamber 3 a portion whereof is defined by an arch 4 haviing openings extending therethrough for the passage of combustion gas or other heating medium. The lower ends of these openings are so formed as to secure a substantially even distribution of heat over the entire upper surface of the charge within the retort. This is effected by forming the lower portion of one side wall of each opening with an inclined face 5 (see Fig. 4) such faces inclining outwardly to each side of the center of the arch. This permits the heat rays or flames to be reflected from the longer walls of the opening. outwardly past the inclined faces and directly onto the charge 1 over its entire extent as indicated by the dot and dash line in Fig. 4.

As above indicated, the charges are-formed in receptacles 8 orB' carried by cars 6", or 8 as the .case may be (see Fig. 2), which cars carry "the charge into line with the retort. The receptacle 6 is of a size equal to that of the opening in the bottom of the retort and is provided with a false bottom or grate of the form best shown in Fig.

10. Said grate is composed of a-series of bars I mounted upon a series of rods 8 with interposed spacers 9' (Figs. 11 and 12) located on the rods between each pair of bars.

After the bars and spacers are assembled upon' the rods they are placed in a press and the parts welded so as to produce a firm structure.

The rods 8 are positioned in the lower portion of the bars I so that a space is left between the spacer members 9 and the upper faces of the bars I of a depth suflicient to receive a series of sup-. porting or finger bars ill. These finger bars are of a height less than the distance between the upper. face of the spwers and the upper edges of the bars I;-this for a purpose which will shortly appear.

The outer end of end of the grate, is beveled or inclined, as at ll,

each of the bars Lat one moved inwardly, as will presently appear, be-

tween the grate bars 1.

Bars Ill at the endsopposite the beveled ends are rigidly afllxed or secured to a header l2 from which latter extends a piston rod l3 actuated through an hydraulic cylinder and piston mechanism indicated by I4 (Fig. 3). Any other form of operating mechanism for shifting the supporting or finger bars may be employed.

It is designed, as above indicated and as set forth in our copending applications filed January 4, 1930, Serial Number 418,612, now Patent No. 1,948,515, and application Serial Number 636,611, to produce in the charge of material to be treated, say coal, a plurality of spaced channels extending from the upper to the lower'face of the charge and filled with a material which permits the free passage of gases therethrough and whichis inert to the gases and is infusible at the carbonizing temperatures. Where coal is being treated these channels may be produced from side of the bottom of the tube, the lower end of v which is held off of the grates so as to permit this spreading action. The space aroundand about the tubes is then filled with coal. The tubes may be left in place as they readily burn out and permit the shearing operation of the' treated material from the upper surface of the charge, as will hereinafter appear.

The outspreading of the channeling material at the lower end thereof insures the integrity of the passage of such portion when the finger supporting bars are introduced in between the bars I. as will be hereinafter set forth, and the grate is allowed to move downwardly into the receptacle 6 from which it and the superimposed charge have been removed orv forced outwardly into the retort. It is to be understood that any means i for forming the separated channels 55 may be utilized. Preferably they will be produced by, a

' plurality of spaced metal tubes into which the channel forming material is placed and about which the material to be treated is filled, the tubes being then withdrawn. This is set forth and claimed in our copending application filed October 6, 1932, Serial Number 636,611.

Initially the charged car is introduced from a trackway 15, (see Figs. 1, 3 and 8) past a door l6.

which at such time is lowered. The door It works to normally close 011 the outer end of an elongated chamber H which, as will be seen upon reference to Figs. 3 ends, extends beneath theretort l and slightly beyond the same in order to allow certain portions of the car frame to be housed there- .in and thus bring the charge-containing portion.

of the car directly under the retort.

As the car is moved into the structure-beneath the retort a second door [8 is lowered (door II at such time being closed) and after the car is fully positioned beneath the retort the door I8 is again closed. Any suitable means for effecting a tilht joint between the doors l6 and II and their respective guideways may be employed.

Suitable means must, of course, be provided for moving the car in both directions along the trackage.

Secured to each end of the car, in order that it may be used reversely, and extending outwardly therefrom, is a frame member IS, the under outer portion of which is formed with a pocket 20, open at its lower end to receive the up-turned end 2i of an actuating rod 22. Said rod, as will be seen upon reference to Fig. 8, rests upon guide rollers 23 and 24, the rod extending outwardly of the chamber II through a stufllng box 25. Any suitable means for actuating the rod may be utilized and in the instant case'there has been shown an hydraulic cylinder 26.

When the car has been moved from the position shown in Fig. 8 to the I 3 and Fig. 7, bumpers 21 secured to the frame member l9 will contact fixed abutments 28 secured to the frame-work of the structure. Preferably these parts will be provided with shims 29 and 30, respectively, so faced that when the car is moved into contact therewith the chargecarrying portion of the car or receptacle will be absolutely aligned with the lower portion of the retort. Any other suitable means for securing registry ofthe receptacle with the retort maybe utilized. Located below the retort is a lift or ram, the body or head whereof is preferably composed of a series of crossed beams designated generally by ii the lower members of which are secured to and supported by the upper end of a piston rod working in an hydraulic cylinder 23. Tracks 32 are secured to the upper face of the uppermost beams. Also secured to the upper beams and extending at right angles to the tracks 32 are inverted T-shaped structural elements or beams 55.

Said last named beams are of sectional form to admit of the placement and'securement of the tracks 32 which when the lift or head is lowered align with the tracks I! and form an extension thereof so that the car may be moved from the position shown in Fig. 5 to that in Fig. 3. By having the T-beams 58 inverted no coal sittings may gather or lodge on the upper edges thereof, thereby ensuring contact between said edges and the grate when the head is raised.

As a consequence, the head may be lifted or moved through a fixed distance at each opera tion with the assurance that the grate will be aligned with the fingers. or bars "I prior to the inward movement of the latter.

The head and tracks 22 are of such dimensions that they may be moved upwardly through the receptacle 6 and carry the charge supporting grate therewith, the latter of course likewise being of such dimensions that it will move freely through-the receptacle or charge-containing portion of the car. The grate, however, is made of such size as to make a relatively close fit with the inner wall of the charge-receiving chamber so that the material'resting on the grate will v not pass downwardly around the same.

When the car with its charge is moved from the position shown in Fig.8 to that of Fig. 3 the ram is elevated. and carries the charge and the grate upwardly until the grate stands in alignment with the supporting fingers or bars Hi which at that time are retracted or in the position shown in Fig. 3. The ends of these bars pass through guideways 34 formed in the fabricated members of the structure.

ID to enter openings in the'frame position shownin Fig.

to wedge out any tar or material which may be lodged between the bars 1, forcing it up or down as the case may be. Continued movement of the head or member l2 will cause the ends of bars and be supported thereby, (see Figs. 4 and 8).

Thus'the grate is cleaned prior to its being lowered back into the charge holding chamber carried by the car upon a lowering of the head and rod. When such retraction takes place the charge which was in the receptacle and elevated therefrom is held in its elevated position, as shown in Fig. 8, by bars I0. These bars remain in such position until another charge has been drawn beneath the same and moved upwardly into contact therewith by movement of the lifting head or ram. When the upper face of the second charge contacts the bars iii the bars are withdrawn and the upward movement of the ram continued so that there will be present in the retort, as shown in Fig. 5, two superposed charges. The rods ill will then be forced inwardly to maintain the superposed charges in position and the ram and grate again lowered. If desired a third charge may be introduced and moved upwardly, depending upon the heightof the retort i. It is not necessary in carrying out the operation that the charges be superposed as a single charge may be acted upon.

Located below the retort, and surrounding the ram, but standing in spaced relationthereto, is a pocket-like structure denoted generally by 35. Connected thereto is an ofitake or suction pipe 3Gv which leads to the usual gas xrubbing equipment. Hand holes 31 are provided for cleanout purposes.

Ex ending along the bottom of each side of the chamber 2 and placed in the walls of the retort are structural elements which form a track 38 upon which rest flanged wheels 39 arranged in pairs at opposite ends of a scraper or cutter 40. The bottom of each side of the scraper head is provided with a plurality of spaced teeth 4i arranged in horizontal alignment and so proportioned and positioned as to just clear the upper end of the walls of the retort as the scraper is traversed back and forth within the chamber 2.

The scraper or cutter is designed to be moved over the upper end of the retort to scrape or shear oiT the then protruding finished material and to push it out into a trough 42. One means of driving this head is shown. It comprises two endless chains 43 and 44 secured tooutwardly projecting members 40 at the lower portion of the scraper body and passing about sprocket wheels 45 and 36, respectively. These sprocket chains and wheels, as will be best seen upon reference to Fig. 6. are mounted in pockets formed in the wall of the retort and entrance of coke. coal, or other material undergoing treatment and being transformed into the pockets is practically precluded by the construction described. The sprockets are mounted upon shafts 41 and 48 which have their bearings in suitable standards 49 and 52 (see Fig. 2) mounted in pockets formed as a part of shown in Fig. I, through an electric motor automatically controlled.

The material which has been treated is scraped off into the trough 42 and where the dual arrangement of retorts is employed, as best indicated in Fig. 2, the, member 40 will be moved back and forth, first scraping the finished portion of the charge in the retort l and then the similar material from I into trough 42.

A conveyer belt passes along through the trough 42 and removes the material placed therein, discharging it through an opening 52, the discharge of which is controlled by a pocketed wheel 53 (Fig. 3) to prevent the ingress of air. This belt may be continuously driven or periodically operated as may be found necessary or desirable. Other suitable means to the same end may be employed.

Preferably, toward the discharge end of the trough 42, a quenching spray pipe 54 will be placed within the trough.

While the construction of the apparatus has been specified somewhat in detail, it is to be understood that the invention, insofar as details are concerned, may be varied without departing from the scope and spirit of the appended claims. It is thought that the operation of the apparatus will be understood from what has gone before but a brief resum will be given.

Assuming that the apparatus is empty, a receptacle upon a car will be charged as above described and then moved in past the doors l6 and I8 successively. When it is positioned by contact between the bumper elements upon the car body and the fixed abutments 28 the ram will be raised, carrying the tracks 32 upwardly against the grate, thereby forcing the grate and the charge resting thereon upwardly into the retort until the grate comes into alignment with the fingers or bars H) which are then moved inwardly to their full extent. The lifting head or rain is then lowered permitting the grate to move down into the receptacle Ii, the charge remaining in the retort and being supported by the members "I. The car is then retracted and another charge brought in and the ram again elevated, the bars or fingers I0 being withdrawn during the upward movement of the second charge and upon completion of such upward movement again inserted.

The combustion gases are drawn downwardly through the channels 55 under a vacuum which will be varied according to the depth of the charge,

as will be hereinafter referred to. The combustion gases will be drawn down through the checkerwork arch and by reason of the construction of such arch; as above set forth, will be evenly distributed over the entire exposed upper surface of the charge.

The combustion gases passing down through the predetermined spaced channels which are maintained throughout the charge will distribute the heat to the surrounding mass and gradually convert the same.- At the same time the upper surface is exposed to the direct action of the gases and if coal be the material undergoing treatment it will be coked. When it is coked to a given depth the charge is raised and the coked mass is sheared off by causing the member 40 to be moved through the chamber 2 over the upper end of the retort, the then projecting coke being carried forwardly into the trough 42. This exposes a new surface of the material and this surface, together with the underlying layer is coked. The mass is then moved up and the operation of shearing repeated.

In practice the gas passing out of the apparatushas a temperature of approximately 80 C. whereas with the ordinary coke oven the outgoing temperature has a range of approximately 1400 C. This is clear evidence that the heat is evenly distributed and absorbed through the mass in the present case, the heating taking place from the top downwardly. The capacity of ,the machine is primarily dependent upon the degree of suction set up within the apparatus. I

The layout of the present construction affords wide variation of operation, which variation is also effected by the size and spacing of the pre- 7 formed channels 55 as well as the depth of charge undergoing treatment.

The depth of the charge may vary from several inches to a greater or less number of feet and, as just mentioned, the size and spacing of the preformed channels may be varied. Successful absorption of the heat of thefiuid heating medium may be readily effected with various depths and the nature of the product produced likewise varied and controlled; thus, if one holds the temperature for a. relatively long period of time a harder and denser coke is produced than wouldbe the case if the temperature were maintained for a relatively shorter period. We can completely carbonize a six inch body of coal within thirty minutes from a cold start, in which event it is necessary to replace the depth of charge everythirty minutes. The coke thusproduced would be light and fluify, similar to wood charcoal. On the other hand, it takes several hours to carbonize a body of coal say four feet deep. The upper six inches of such a four feet charge would be at a carbonizing temperature for several hours, resulting in the production of a hard dense coke.

In each case of operation it is possible to satisfactorily proportion the spacers and operating rate so that the operating temperatures of the fluid heating medium and the exhaust gases would be identical. Therefore, the height of the body of coal is only dependent upon the grade of coke desired. Naturally, it requires considerably more power input to the exhauster todrawthe gases through a four footxbed of dbalfthah'ih the case of-a six inch bed. Furthermore, .inicliang ing from the'thin to a thick to change the center distance With a thin bed, say six inches, be relatively close, say approximately four inches from center to center, thus giving the depth of coal approximately two inches between thespacers for the heat to penetrate by conduction.

With a bed of four feet, the spacersiwould be of the channels.-

I from eight to ten inches on centers,- thus making .operation, and center distance of spacers may be varied to obtain different densities of coke products. It has been found in practice that we can vary the product from a light fluffy char very similar to wood charcoal, to a dense metallurgical coke. Along with this variation in coke product, we have not experienced any material variation the channels will bed. it-is necessary in our tar yields; the reason being that no matter where in the body of coal the tar distillation is taking place, it will always run down the spacers and away from that zone of heat where it is released from the charge, toward the lower cooler portion. In other words, immediately. any tar is released from the coke it drops down through V the channels and is therefore not subjected to any higher temperature than that which obtained to release it. In other words, the tar is not cracked as it is in the ordinary by-product oven.

It will also be understood that the make gas passing from the apparatus may be utilized and enriched if need be with any desired fuel for burning in the combustion chamber of the retort. In fact any suitable heating medium which will eifect the desired transformation may be utilized dependent only on the material to be treated.

It is also possible to burn any of the above mentioned fuels in an oxidizing atmosphere so that part of the heat is generated by the partial burning out of the spacer material, as for instance coke when coal is undergoing treatment.

Such coke'would, of course, be infusible and thus the channels would be maintained open for the passage of the gases therethrough.

The term ram" as used in the claims is to be treated as the equivalent of the lifting mechanism which will accomplish the purpose set forth in the foregoing description.

As above noted, the drawings'illustrate a dual arrangement of retorts. It is to be understood, however, that a single retort may be employed or two or more retorts employed with a scraper as 40 common to all of them.

No claim is made to the apparatus herein shown and described, as the same forms the subject matter of our copending application, Serial No. 685,779, filed August 18, 1933; which matter was divided out of this case pursuant to the Patent Oflice requirement.

What is claimed is:

1. That method of treating solid carbonizable material to distil and carbonize the same, which comprises forming a charge thereof within a receptable and also producing a plurality of spaced channels extending through the charge in a substantially vertical direction; filling said channels with a granular material inert to the temperature of the heating medium employed to distil and carbonize the charge, said filling being exposed at the upper and-lower ends of the channels; positioning-the receptacle with the charge therein in line with ti open end of a retort; forcing the charge out of the receptacle and into the retort without materially disturbing the charge; subjecting the upper exposed surface of the charge to the action of a fluid having a temperature sufllcient to carbonize the material at and adjacent said surface and drawing such medium, together with the distillates evolved in the treatment of the charge, down through the channels and in direct contact with, the material of the charge.

2. That method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the carbonized layer is removed periodically and the charge moved bodily in an upward direction toward the source of the heating medium.

.3. That method-of treating solid cairbonizable material to distil and carbonize the same, which comprises forming a charge thereof within a receptacle having a removable bottom with openings therein, such charge having a plurality, of spaced channels thrown it from the upper to the lower surface thereof and filled with granular material inert to the temperature of the heating medium employed to distil and carbonize the charge; removing the charge from the receptacle and carrying it into a retort without substantial disturbance of the charge; subjecting the exposed upper surface of the charge to the action of a fluid heating medium having a temperature sufllcient to carbonize a layer at and adjacent such exposed surface, such heating medium and the evolved distillates being drawn through the channels and in contact with the mass thereby preheating and partially carbonizing the remainder of the mass; removing the carbonized layer to expose a new layer or surface of the material to the direct action of the fluid heating medium; and continuing the .cycle until the charge is wholly distilled and carbonized.

4. That method of treating solid carbonizable material to distil and carbonize the same which comprises forming a charge ,inan open receptacle having a removable bottom with openings there- 7 through, such charge having a plurality of spaced channels extending therethrough and filled with granular material inert to the temperature of the heating medium employed to distil and carbonize the charge; moving the removable bottom and the charge thereon out of the receptacle and upwardly into a retort without material disturbance of the charge; placing means within the openings in the bottom and beneath the charge to maintain the same within the retort; thereafter lowering the removable bottom away from the charge; subjecting the exposed upper surface of the charge to the action of a fluid heating medium having a temperature sufficient to carbonize the material at and adjacent said surface; and drawing such medium, together with the distillates evolved in the treatment of the charge, through the channels in the charge and in direct contact with the material .of the charge.

5. A process as set forth in claim 4, wherein the upper surface of the charge is periodically removed as the same is carbonized.

6. A process as set forth in claim 4, wherein the upper surface of the charge is periodically removed as the same is carbonizedand the charge elevated to bring the newly exposed surface closer to the source of the heating medium.

7. That method of treating solid carbonizable material to distil and carbonize the same, which comprises forming a charge thereof within a receptacle, such charge having a plurality of spaced perature sufllcient to carbonize the material at and adjacent said surface; and drawing such medium, together with the distillates evolved in the treatment of the charge through the channels in the charge and in direct contact with the material of the charge.

8. A method asset forth in claim 7, wherein we preformed charges are placed in superimposed relation within a retort and a third preformed'charge positioned beneath the lowermost charge when the uppermost charge has been fully treated and removed and the lowermost of the superimposed charges moved upwardly into the zone of the heating medium.

l0 permeability of such channels to the passage of a fluid heating medium, said material being infusible at the temperature employed to carbonize the charge; bringing the fluid heating medium into contact with the upper surface of the charge 15 to carbonize the same and passing such, medium.

csn'rrricns or coimsc'rron.

Patent No. 2,029,762.

It is hereby certified that error appears'in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

"fluid" insert the words heating medium;

h this correction therein that column, line 59", claim 1, after that the said Letters Patent should be read 'wit the same may conform to the record of the case in carbonaceous material filling said together with the distilled vapors and distillates produced by the carbonization of the surface of I the charge which is directly acted upon by the fluid heating medium downwardly through the channels and thereby heating and in part (115- tilling the charge as the heating medium passes through the channels; removing the upper carbonized or coked surface layer of the charge; moving the charge asa whole toward the source of the fluid heating medium; and repeating the cycle of-operations until the entire charge has been carbonized.

- IRA H. DERBY.

HAROLD R. HORNER.- '15 IRA H. DERBY,'ET AL.

the 'Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 3rd day of March, A. D. 1936.

(Seal) Leslie Frazer .Acting Commissioner of Patents.

February 4, 1936.

Page 5, first l0 permeability of such channels to the passage of a fluid heating medium, said material being infusible at the temperature employed to carbonize the charge; bringing the fluid heating medium into contact with the upper surface of the charge 15 to carbonize the same and passing such, medium.

csn'rrricns or coimsc'rron.

Patent No. 2,029,762.

It is hereby certified that error appears'in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

"fluid" insert the words heating medium;

h this correction therein that column, line 59", claim 1, after that the said Letters Patent should be read 'wit the same may conform to the record of the case in carbonaceous material filling said together with the distilled vapors and distillates produced by the carbonization of the surface of I the charge which is directly acted upon by the fluid heating medium downwardly through the channels and thereby heating and in part (115- tilling the charge as the heating medium passes through the channels; removing the upper carbonized or coked surface layer of the charge; moving the charge asa whole toward the source of the fluid heating medium; and repeating the cycle of-operations until the entire charge has been carbonized.

- IRA H. DERBY.

HAROLD R. HORNER.- '15 IRA H. DERBY,'ET AL.

the 'Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 3rd day of March, A. D. 1936.

(Seal) Leslie Frazer .Acting Commissioner of Patents.

February 4, 1936.

Page 5, first 

